Commit 26a66027 authored by Taylor Otwell's avatar Taylor Otwell

more refactoring on the framework.

parent c576c388
...@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ return array( ...@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ return array(
| |
*/ */
'driver' => '', 'driver' => 'file',
/* /*
|-------------------------------------------------------------------------- |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
...@@ -75,30 +75,4 @@ return array( ...@@ -75,30 +75,4 @@ return array(
'domain' => null, 'domain' => null,
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Session Cookie HTTPS
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Determines if the session cookie should only be transported over HTTPS.
|
*/
'https' => false,
/*
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
| HTTP Only Session Cookie
|--------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
| Determines if the session cookie should only be accessible over HTTP.
|
| Note: The intention of the "HTTP Only" option is to keep cookies from
| being accessed by client-side scripting languages. However, this
| setting should not be viewed as providing total XSS protection.
|
*/
'http_only' => false,
); );
\ No newline at end of file
<?php namespace Laravel\Cache; <?php namespace Laravel\Cache\Drivers;
use Laravel\Proxy; use Laravel\Proxy;
...@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class APC extends Driver { ...@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class APC extends Driver {
*/ */
protected function retrieve($key) protected function retrieve($key)
{ {
return ( ! is_null($cache = $this->proxy->apc_fetch($this->key.$key))) ? $cache : null; if ( ! is_null($cache = $this->proxy->apc_fetch($this->key.$key))) return $cache;
} }
/** /**
......
<?php namespace Laravel\Cache; <?php namespace Laravel\Cache\Drivers;
use Closure; use Closure;
...@@ -18,14 +18,6 @@ abstract class Driver { ...@@ -18,14 +18,6 @@ abstract class Driver {
* A default value may also be specified, and will be returned in the requested * A default value may also be specified, and will be returned in the requested
* item does not exist in the cache. * item does not exist in the cache.
* *
* <code>
* // Retrieve an item from the cache
* $name = Cache::get('name');
*
* // Retrieve an item from the cache and return a default value if it doesn't exist
* $name = Cache::get('name', 'Fred');
* </code>
*
* @param string $key * @param string $key
* @param mixed $default * @param mixed $default
* @param string $driver * @param string $driver
...@@ -49,11 +41,6 @@ abstract class Driver { ...@@ -49,11 +41,6 @@ abstract class Driver {
/** /**
* Write an item to the cache for a given number of minutes. * Write an item to the cache for a given number of minutes.
* *
* <code>
* // Store an item in the cache for 5 minutes
* Cache::put('name', 'Fred', 5);
* </code>
*
* @param string $key * @param string $key
* @param mixed $value * @param mixed $value
* @param int $minutes * @param int $minutes
...@@ -65,14 +52,6 @@ abstract class Driver { ...@@ -65,14 +52,6 @@ abstract class Driver {
* Get an item from the cache. If the item doesn't exist in the cache, store * Get an item from the cache. If the item doesn't exist in the cache, store
* the default value in the cache and return it. * the default value in the cache and return it.
* *
* <code>
* // Get an item from the cache and store the default value if it doesn't exist
* Cache::remember('name', 'Fred', 5);
*
* // Closures may also be used to defer retrieval of the default value
* Cache::remember('users', function() {return DB::table('users')->get();}, 5);
* </code>
*
* @param string $key * @param string $key
* @param mixed $default * @param mixed $default
* @param int $minutes * @param int $minutes
......
<?php namespace Laravel\Cache; <?php namespace Laravel\Cache\Drivers;
class File extends Driver { class File extends Driver {
......
<?php namespace Laravel\Cache; <?php namespace Laravel\Cache\Drivers;
use Memcache;
use Laravel\Config; use Laravel\Config;
class Memcached extends Driver { class Memcached extends Driver {
...@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ class Memcached extends Driver { ...@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ class Memcached extends Driver {
* @param Memcache $memcache * @param Memcache $memcache
* @return void * @return void
*/ */
public function __construct(\Memcache $memcache, $key) public function __construct(Memcache $memcache, $key)
{ {
$this->key = $key; $this->key = $key;
$this->memcache = $memcache; $this->memcache = $memcache;
...@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ class Memcached extends Driver { ...@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ class Memcached extends Driver {
*/ */
protected function retrieve($key) protected function retrieve($key)
{ {
return (($cache = $this->memcache->get($this->key.$key)) !== false) ? $cache : null; if (($cache = $this->memcache->get($this->key.$key)) !== false) return $cache;
} }
/** /**
......
...@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ return array( ...@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ return array(
$config = $container->resolve('laravel.config')->get('session'); $config = $container->resolve('laravel.config')->get('session');
return new Session\Cookie(Security\Crypter::make(), $cookies, $config); return new Session\Drivers\Cookie(Security\Crypter::make(), $cookies);
}), }),
/* /*
...@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ return array( ...@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ return array(
{ {
$table = $container->resolve('laravel.config')->get('session.table'); $table = $container->resolve('laravel.config')->get('session.table');
return new Session\Database($container->resolve('laravel.database.manager')->connection(), $table); return new Session\Drivers\Database($container->resolve('laravel.database.manager')->connection());
}), }),
/* /*
...@@ -260,13 +260,13 @@ return array( ...@@ -260,13 +260,13 @@ return array(
'laravel.cache.file' => array('resolver' => function($container) 'laravel.cache.file' => array('resolver' => function($container)
{ {
return new Cache\File($container->resolve('laravel.file'), CACHE_PATH); return new Cache\Drivers\File($container->resolve('laravel.file'), CACHE_PATH);
}), }),
'laravel.session.file' => array('resolver' => function($container) 'laravel.session.file' => array('resolver' => function($container)
{ {
return new Session\File($container->resolve('laravel.file'), SESSION_PATH); return new Session\Drivers\File($container->resolve('laravel.file'), SESSION_PATH);
}), }),
/* /*
...@@ -277,7 +277,13 @@ return array( ...@@ -277,7 +277,13 @@ return array(
'laravel.cache.apc' => array('resolver' => function($container) 'laravel.cache.apc' => array('resolver' => function($container)
{ {
return new Cache\APC(new Proxy, $container->resolve('laravel.config')->get('cache.key')); return new Cache\Drivers\APC(new Proxy, $container->resolve('laravel.config')->get('cache.key'));
}),
'laravel.session.id' => array('singleton' => true, 'resolver' => function($container)
{
return $container->resolve('laravel.cookie')->get('laravel_session');
}), }),
...@@ -285,7 +291,7 @@ return array( ...@@ -285,7 +291,7 @@ return array(
{ {
$lifetime = $container->resolve('laravel.config')->get('session.lifetime'); $lifetime = $container->resolve('laravel.config')->get('session.lifetime');
return new Session\APC($container->resolve('laravel.cache.apc'), $lifetime); return new Session\Drivers\APC($container->resolve('laravel.cache.apc'));
}), }),
/* /*
...@@ -300,7 +306,7 @@ return array( ...@@ -300,7 +306,7 @@ return array(
$key = $container->resolve('laravel.config')->get('cache.key'); $key = $container->resolve('laravel.config')->get('cache.key');
return new Cache\Memcached($connection, $key); return new Cache\Drivers\Memcached($connection, $key);
}), }),
...@@ -308,7 +314,7 @@ return array( ...@@ -308,7 +314,7 @@ return array(
{ {
$lifetime = $container->resolve('laravel.config')->get('session.lifetime'); $lifetime = $container->resolve('laravel.config')->get('session.lifetime');
return new Session\Memcached($container->resolve('laravel.cache.memcached'), $lifetime); return new Session\Drivers\Memcached($container->resolve('laravel.cache.memcached'));
}), }),
......
...@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ date_default_timezone_set($config->get('application.timezone')); ...@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ date_default_timezone_set($config->get('application.timezone'));
// -------------------------------------------------------------- // --------------------------------------------------------------
if ($config->get('session.driver') !== '') if ($config->get('session.driver') !== '')
{ {
$cookie = $container->resolve('laravel.input')->cookies->get('laravel_session'); $id = $container->resolve('laravel.session.id');
$container->resolve('laravel.session')->start($cookie, $config->get('session')); $container->resolve('laravel.session')->start($container->resolve('laravel.config'), $id);
} }
// -------------------------------------------------------------- // --------------------------------------------------------------
......
<?php namespace Laravel\Session; <?php namespace Laravel\Session\Drivers;
class APC extends Driver { class APC extends Driver {
/** /**
* The APC cache driver instance. * The APC cache driver instance.
* *
* @var Cache\APC * @var Cache\Drivers\APC
*/ */
private $apc; protected $apc;
/**
* The session lifetime.
*
* @var int
*/
private $lifetime;
/** /**
* Create a new APC session driver instance. * Create a new APC session driver instance.
* *
* @param Cache\APC $apc * @param Cache\Drivers\APC $apc
* @param int $lifetime
* @return void * @return void
*/ */
public function __construct(\Laravel\Cache\APC $apc, $lifetime) public function __construct(\Laravel\Cache\Drivers\APC $apc)
{ {
$this->apc = $apc; $this->apc = $apc;
$this->lifetime = $lifetime;
} }
/** /**
...@@ -47,7 +38,7 @@ class APC extends Driver { ...@@ -47,7 +38,7 @@ class APC extends Driver {
*/ */
protected function save() protected function save()
{ {
$this->apc->put($this->session['id'], $this->session, $this->lifetime); $this->apc->put($this->session['id'], $this->session, $this->config->get('session.lifetime'));
} }
/** /**
......
<?php namespace Laravel\Session; <?php namespace Laravel\Session\Drivers;
use Laravel\Security\Crypter; use Laravel\Security\Crypter;
class Cookie extends Driver { class Cookie extends Driver {
/** /**
* The cookie engine instance. * The cookie manager instance.
* *
* @var Cookie * @var Cookie
*/ */
private $cookie; private $cookie;
/** /**
* The Crypter instance. * The crypter instance.
* *
* @var Crypter * @var Crypter
*/ */
private $crypter; private $crypter;
/**
* The session configuration array.
*
* @var array
*/
private $config;
/** /**
* Create a new Cookie session driver instance. * Create a new Cookie session driver instance.
* *
* @param Crypter $crypter * @param Crypter $crypter
* @param Laravel\Cookie $cookie * @param Laravel\Cookie $cookie
* @param array $config
* @return void * @return void
*/ */
public function __construct(Crypter $crypter, \Laravel\Cookie $cookie, $config) public function __construct(Crypter $crypter, \Laravel\Cookie $cookie)
{ {
$this->cookie = $cookie; $this->cookie = $cookie;
$this->config = $config;
$this->crypter = $crypter; $this->crypter = $crypter;
} }
...@@ -63,11 +54,13 @@ class Cookie extends Driver { ...@@ -63,11 +54,13 @@ class Cookie extends Driver {
{ {
if ( ! headers_sent()) if ( ! headers_sent())
{ {
extract($this->config); $config = $this->config->get('session');
extract($config);
$payload = $this->crypter->encrypt(serialize($this->session)); $payload = $this->crypter->encrypt(serialize($this->session));
$this->cookie->put('session_payload', $payload, $lifetime, $path, $domain, $https, $http_only); $this->cookie->put('session_payload', $payload, $lifetime, $path, $domain);
} }
} }
......
<?php namespace Laravel\Session; <?php namespace Laravel\Session\Drivers;
use Laravel\Database\Connection; use Laravel\Database\Connection;
...@@ -11,23 +11,14 @@ class Database extends Driver implements Sweeper { ...@@ -11,23 +11,14 @@ class Database extends Driver implements Sweeper {
*/ */
protected $connection; protected $connection;
/**
* The database table to which the sessions should be written.
*
* @var string
*/
protected $table;
/** /**
* Create a new database session driver. * Create a new database session driver.
* *
* @param Connection $connection * @param Connection $connection
* @param string $table
* @return void * @return void
*/ */
public function __construct(Connection $connection, $table) public function __construct(Connection $connection)
{ {
$this->table = $table;
$this->connection = $connection; $this->connection = $connection;
} }
...@@ -95,7 +86,7 @@ class Database extends Driver implements Sweeper { ...@@ -95,7 +86,7 @@ class Database extends Driver implements Sweeper {
*/ */
protected function table() protected function table()
{ {
return $this->connection->table($this->table); return $this->connection->table($this->config->get('session.table'));
} }
} }
\ No newline at end of file
<?php namespace Laravel\Session; <?php namespace Laravel\Session\Drivers;
use Closure;
use Laravel\Str; use Laravel\Str;
use Laravel\Input; use Laravel\Input;
use Laravel\Config;
use Laravel\Cookie; use Laravel\Cookie;
abstract class Driver { abstract class Driver {
...@@ -14,38 +16,54 @@ abstract class Driver { ...@@ -14,38 +16,54 @@ abstract class Driver {
public $session = array(); public $session = array();
/** /**
* The application session configuration. * The configuration manager instance.
* *
* @var array * @var Config
*/ */
public $config = array(); protected $config;
/** /**
* Load the session for a given session ID. * Load the session for a given session ID.
* *
* The session will be checked for validity and necessary data. For example, if the session
* does not have a CSRF token, a token will be generated for the session.
*
* If the session has expired, a new, empty session will be generated. * If the session has expired, a new, empty session will be generated.
* *
* @param Config $config
* @param string $id * @param string $id
* @param array $config
* @return void * @return void
*/ */
public function start($id, $config) public final function start(Config $config, $id)
{ {
$this->config = $config; $this->config = $config;
$this->session = ( ! is_null($id)) ? $this->load($id) : null; $this->session = ( ! is_null($id)) ? $this->load($id) : null;
if (is_null($this->session) or (time() - $this->session['last_activity']) > ($this->config['lifetime'] * 60)) // If the session is expired, a new session will be generated and all of the data from
// the previous session will be lost. The new session will be assigned a random, long
// string ID to uniquely identify it among the application's current users.
if (is_null($this->session) or $this->expired())
{ {
$this->session = array('id' => Str::random(40), 'data' => array()); $this->session = array('id' => Str::random(40), 'data' => array());
} }
if ( ! $this->has('csrf_token')) $this->put('csrf_token', Str::random(16)); // If a CSRF token is not present in the session, we will generate one. These tokens
// are generated per session to protect against Cross-Site Request Forgery attacks on
// the application. It is up to the developer to take advantage of them using the token
// methods on the Form class and the "csrf" route filter.
if ( ! $this->has('csrf_token'))
{
$this->put('csrf_token', Str::random(16));
}
}
$this->session['last_activity'] = time(); /**
* Deteremine if the session is expired based on the last activity timestamp
* and the session lifetime set in the configuration file.
*
* @return bool
*/
private function expired()
{
return (time() - $this->session['last_activity']) > ($this->config->get('session.lifetime') * 60);
} }
/** /**
...@@ -86,41 +104,28 @@ abstract class Driver { ...@@ -86,41 +104,28 @@ abstract class Driver {
* *
* A default value may also be specified, and will be returned in the item doesn't exist. * A default value may also be specified, and will be returned in the item doesn't exist.
* *
* <code>
* // Get an item from the session
* $name = Session::get('name');
*
* // Get an item from the session and return a default value if it doesn't exist
* $name = Session::get('name', 'Fred');
* </code>
*
* @param string $key * @param string $key
* @param mixed $default * @param mixed $default
* @return mixed * @return mixed
*/ */
public function get($key, $default = null) public final function get($key, $default = null)
{ {
foreach (array($key, ':old:'.$key, ':new:'.$key) as $possibility) foreach (array($key, ':old:'.$key, ':new:'.$key) as $possibility)
{ {
if (array_key_exists($possibility, $this->session['data'])) return $this->session['data'][$possibility]; if (array_key_exists($possibility, $this->session['data'])) return $this->session['data'][$possibility];
} }
return ($default instanceof \Closure) ? call_user_func($default) : $default; return ($default instanceof Closure) ? call_user_func($default) : $default;
} }
/** /**
* Write an item to the session. * Write an item to the session.
* *
* <code>
* // Store an item in the session
* Session::put('name', 'Fred');
* </code>
*
* @param string $key * @param string $key
* @param mixed $value * @param mixed $value
* @return Driver * @return Driver
*/ */
public function put($key, $value) public final function put($key, $value)
{ {
$this->session['data'][$key] = $value; $this->session['data'][$key] = $value;
...@@ -133,29 +138,52 @@ abstract class Driver { ...@@ -133,29 +138,52 @@ abstract class Driver {
* Flash data only exists for the next request. After that, it will be removed from * Flash data only exists for the next request. After that, it will be removed from
* the session. Flash data is useful for temporary status or welcome messages. * the session. Flash data is useful for temporary status or welcome messages.
* *
* <code>
* // Store an item in the session flash data
* Session::flash('name', 'Fred');
* </code>
*
* @param string $key * @param string $key
* @param mixed $value * @param mixed $value
* @return Driver * @return Driver
*/ */
public function flash($key, $value) public final function flash($key, $value)
{ {
$this->put(':new:'.$key, $value); $this->put(':new:'.$key, $value);
return $this; return $this;
} }
/**
* Keep all of the session flash data from expiring at the end of the request.
*
* @return void
*/
public final function reflash()
{
$this->readdress(':old:', ':new:', array_keys($this->session['data']));
}
/**
* Keep a session flash item from expiring at the end of the request.
*
* If a string is passed to the method, only that item will be kept. An array may also
* be passed to the method, in which case all items in the array will be kept.
*
* @param string|array $key
* @return void
*/
public final function keep($key)
{
if (is_array($key)) return array_map(array($this, 'keep'), $key);
$this->flash($key, $this->get($key));
$this->forget(':old:'.$key);
}
/** /**
* Remove an item from the session. * Remove an item from the session.
* *
* @param string $key * @param string $key
* @return Driver * @return Driver
*/ */
public function forget($key) public final function forget($key)
{ {
unset($this->session['data'][$key]); unset($this->session['data'][$key]);
} }
...@@ -165,7 +193,7 @@ abstract class Driver { ...@@ -165,7 +193,7 @@ abstract class Driver {
* *
* @return void * @return void
*/ */
public function flush() public final function flush()
{ {
$this->session['data'] = array(); $this->session['data'] = array();
} }
...@@ -175,7 +203,7 @@ abstract class Driver { ...@@ -175,7 +203,7 @@ abstract class Driver {
* *
* @return void * @return void
*/ */
public function regenerate() public final function regenerate()
{ {
$this->delete(); $this->delete();
...@@ -183,25 +211,28 @@ abstract class Driver { ...@@ -183,25 +211,28 @@ abstract class Driver {
} }
/** /**
* Close the session. * Close the session and store the session payload in persistant storage.
*
* The session will be stored in persistant storage and the session cookie will be
* session cookie will be sent to the browser.
*
* The input of the current request will also be flashed to the session so it is
* available for the next request via the "old" method on the input class.
* *
* @param Laravel\Input $input * @param Laravel\Input $input
* @return void * @return void
*/ */
public function close(Input $input) public function close(Input $input)
{ {
// The input for the current request will be flashed to the session for
// convenient access through the "old" method of the input class. This
// allows the easy repopulation of forms.
$this->flash('laravel_old_input', $input->get())->age(); $this->flash('laravel_old_input', $input->get())->age();
$this->session['last_activity'] = time();
$this->save(); $this->save();
$this->write_cookie($input->cookies, $this->config); $this->cookie($input->cookies);
// Some session drivers implement the "Sweeper" interface, which specifies
// that the driver needs to manually clean up its expired sessions. If the
// driver does in fact implement this interface, we will randomly call the
// sweep method on the driver.
if ($this instanceof Sweeper and mt_rand(1, 100) <= 2) if ($this instanceof Sweeper and mt_rand(1, 100) <= 2)
{ {
$this->sweep(time() - ($this->config['lifetime'] * 60)); $this->sweep(time() - ($this->config['lifetime'] * 60));
...@@ -211,56 +242,56 @@ abstract class Driver { ...@@ -211,56 +242,56 @@ abstract class Driver {
/** /**
* Age the session flash data. * Age the session flash data.
* *
* To age the data, we will forget all of the old keys and then rewrite the newly
* flashed items to have old keys, which will be available for the next request.
*
* @return void * @return void
*/ */
protected function age() private function age()
{ {
// To age the data, we will forget all of the old keys and then rewrite the newly
// flashed items to have old keys, which will be available for the next request.
foreach ($this->session['data'] as $key => $value) foreach ($this->session['data'] as $key => $value)
{ {
if (strpos($key, ':old:') === 0) $this->forget($key); if (strpos($key, ':old:') === 0) $this->forget($key);
} }
$session = $this->session['data']; $this->readdress(':new:', ':old:', array_keys($this->session['data']));
}
$this->session['data'] = array_combine(str_replace(':new:', ':old:', array_keys($session)), array_values($session)); /**
* Readdress the session data by performing a string replacement on the keys.
*
* @param string $search
* @param string $replace
* @param array $keys
* @return void
*/
private function readdress($search, $replace, $keys)
{
$this->session['data'] = array_combine(str_replace($search, $replace, $keys), array_values($this->session['data']));
} }
/** /**
* Write the session cookie. * Write the session cookie.
* *
* All of the session cookie configuration options are stored in the session
* configuration file. The cookie will only be written if the headers have not
* already been sent to the browser.
*
* @param Laravel\Cookie $cookie * @param Laravel\Cookie $cookie
* @param array $config * @param array $config
* @return void * @return void
*/ */
protected function write_cookie(Cookie $cookies, $config) private function cookie(Cookie $cookies)
{ {
if ( ! headers_sent()) if ( ! headers_sent())
{ {
$config = $this->config->get('session');
extract($config); extract($config);
$minutes = ($expire_on_close) ? 0 : $lifetime; $minutes = ($expire_on_close) ? 0 : $lifetime;
$cookies->put('laravel_session', $this->session['id'], $minutes, $path, $domain, $https, $http_only); $cookies->put('laravel_session', $this->session['id'], $minutes, $path, $domain);
} }
} }
/** /**
* Magic Method for retrieving items from the session. * Magic Method for retrieving items from the session.
*
* This method is particularly helpful in controllers where access to the IoC container
* is provided through the controller's magic __get method.
*
* <code>
* // Retrieve an item from the session from a controller method
* $name = $this->session->name;
* </code>
*/ */
public function __get($key) public function __get($key)
{ {
...@@ -269,14 +300,6 @@ abstract class Driver { ...@@ -269,14 +300,6 @@ abstract class Driver {
/** /**
* Magic Method for writings items to the session. * Magic Method for writings items to the session.
*
* This method is particularly helpful in controllers where access to the IoC container
* is provided through the controller's magic __get method.
*
* <code>
* // Set an item in the session from a controller method
* $this->session->name = 'Fred';
* </code>
*/ */
public function __set($key, $value) public function __set($key, $value)
{ {
......
<?php namespace Laravel\Session; <?php namespace Laravel\Session\Drivers;
class File extends Driver implements Sweeper { class File extends Driver implements Sweeper {
......
<?php namespace Laravel\Session; <?php namespace Laravel\Session\Drivers;
class Memcached extends Driver { class Memcached extends Driver {
...@@ -9,22 +9,14 @@ class Memcached extends Driver { ...@@ -9,22 +9,14 @@ class Memcached extends Driver {
*/ */
private $memcached; private $memcached;
/**
* The session lifetime.
*
* @var int
*/
private $lifetime;
/** /**
* Create a new Memcached session driver instance. * Create a new Memcached session driver instance.
* *
* @param Memcached $memcached * @param Memcached $memcached
* @return void * @return void
*/ */
public function __construct(\Laravel\Cache\Memcached $memcached, $lifetime) public function __construct(\Laravel\Cache\Drivers\Memcached $memcached)
{ {
$this->lifetime = $lifetime;
$this->memcached = $memcached; $this->memcached = $memcached;
} }
...@@ -46,7 +38,7 @@ class Memcached extends Driver { ...@@ -46,7 +38,7 @@ class Memcached extends Driver {
*/ */
protected function save() protected function save()
{ {
$this->memcached->put($this->session['id'], $this->session, $this->lifetime); $this->memcached->put($this->session['id'], $this->session, $this->config->get('session.lifetime'));
} }
/** /**
......
<?php namespace Laravel\Session; <?php namespace Laravel\Session\Drivers;
interface Sweeper { interface Sweeper {
......
Markdown is supported
0% or
You are about to add 0 people to the discussion. Proceed with caution.
Finish editing this message first!
Please register or to comment